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Application fields of NdFeB magnets
China has the largest rare earth reserves in the world. NdFeB is one of the strongest magnetic materials found in the world. Its magnetic properties are 10 times higher than those of previously widely used ferrite. It is nearly twice as high as the second generation rare earth magnet (samarium cobalt permanent magnet). It uses "iron" instead of "cobalt" as the raw material, reducing dependence on scarce strategic materials, significantly reducing costs, and making possible the widespread application of rare earth permanent magnets. NdFeB is an ideal material for manufacturing efficient, miniaturized and lightweight magnetic functional devices and will have a revolutionary impact on many application fields.
Due to my country's advantages in rare earth raw material resources, China has become the world's largest supplier of NdFeB magnetic materials, accounting for about 85% of the world's output. Let’s discuss the application fields of NdFeB products.
1.Traditional cars
The application of high-performance NdFeB in traditional automobiles is mainly concentrated in the fields of EPS and micromotors. The EPS electronic power steering system can provide the power-assisted effect of the electric motor at different vehicle speeds, ensuring that the car is light and flexible when turning at low speeds and stable and reliable when turning at high speeds. EPS has high requirements on the performance, weight and volume of permanent magnet motors, because the permanent magnet materials in EPS are mainly high-performance NdFeB magnets, mainly sintered NdFeB.
In addition to the starter that starts the engine in the car, other electric motors distributed throughout the car are micro motors. NdFeB permanent magnet material has excellent performance and is used to manufacture motors with the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency and energy saving. In the past, automotive micromotors were used only as components in wipers, windshield washers, electric oil pumps, automatic antennas, and more. The number of power supplies is relatively small. Today's cars pursue comfort and automatic control, and micro motors have become an indispensable part of modern cars. Sunroof motors, seat adjustment motors, seat belt motors, electric antenna motors, fender cleaning motors, cooling fan motors, air conditioning motors, electric water pumps, etc. all require micromotors.
2. New energy vehicles
NdFeB permanent magnet material is one of the main functional materials for new energy vehicles. NdFeB material has excellent performance and is used to manufacture motors. It can realize "NdFeB technology" on automobile motors. In terms of automobiles, only by using small motors can we reduce the weight of the car, improve safety, reduce exhaust emissions, and improve the overall performance of the car. NdFeB magnetic materials are more widely used in new energy vehicles. Each hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) consumes about 1KG more NdFeB magnets than a conventional car. In pure electric vehicles (EVs), rare earth permanent magnet motors replace traditional power generation. The secret lies in the use of about 2KG of NdFeB.
3. Aerospace field
Rare earth permanent magnet motors are mainly used in various electrical systems on aircraft. The electric braking system is a drive system that uses an electric motor as a brake. Widely used in aircraft flight control systems, environmental control systems, braking systems, fuel and starting systems. Since rare earth permanent magnets have excellent magnetic properties, no additional energy is required to establish a strong permanent magnetic field after magnetization. The rare earth permanent magnet motor made by replacing the electric field of the traditional motor is not only highly efficient, but also has a simple structure, reliable operation, small size and light weight. Not only can it achieve high performance that traditional excitation motors cannot achieve (such as ultra-high efficiency, ultra-high speed, ultra-high response speed).
4.Other transportation fields (high-speed rail, subway, maglev train, tram)
In 2015, China’s “Permanent Magnet High-Speed Railway” was successfully put into trial operation. After adopting the rare earth permanent magnet synchronous traction system, due to the direct drive of the permanent magnet motor, it has high energy conversion efficiency, stable speed, low noise, small size, light weight and reliability. Many other features reduce the power of the original 8-car train from 6 to 4, thereby saving the cost of the 2-car traction system, improving the train traction efficiency, and saving at least 10% of electricity. , reducing the whole life cycle cost of the train. After the subway uses NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet traction motors, the system noise during low-speed operation is significantly lower than that of asynchronous motors.
5.Wind power generation
In an era of increasing energy stress, converting wind energy into electricity is receiving policy support from governments around the world. Wind power is a power generation method that converts wind energy into electrical energy through wind turbines. It is currently the main way to utilize wind energy. As a clean, low-carbon renewable resource, wind power is actively developing in more than 80 countries around the world. In the field of wind power, high-performance NdFeB is mainly used in direct drive, semi-drive and high-speed permanent magnet wind turbines. It uses the fan impeller to directly drive the generator to rotate. It is characterized by permanent magnet excitation, no excitation winding, and no slip rings and brushes on the rotor. Therefore, the structure is simple and the work is reliable. The use of high-performance neodymium iron boron reduces the weight of wind turbines and increases efficiency. Currently, a 1MW unit uses about 1 ton of NdFeB. With the rapid growth of the wind power industry, the amount of NdFeB used in wind turbines will also increase rapidly.
6.Consumer electronics
Mobile phone
High-performance NdFeB is an indispensable high-end accessory component in smartphones. The electroacoustic part of smartphones (miniature microphones, micro speakers, Bluetooth headsets, high-fidelity stereo headsets), vibration motors, camera focusing and even sensor applications, wireless charging and other functions all require the strong magnetic properties of NdFeB.
VCM
Voice coil motor (VCM) is a special form of direct drive motor that can directly convert electrical energy into linear motion mechanical energy. The principle is to place a circle of barrel winding in a uniform air gap magnetic field. The winding is energized to generate electromagnetic force, which drives the load to perform linear reciprocating motion. By changing the intensity and polarity of the current, the magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic force can be changed. VCM has the advantages of high response, high speed, high acceleration, simple structure, small size, good force characteristics, and good controllability. VCM is mostly used as a disk head in hard disk drives (HDD) to provide movement and is an important core component of HDD.
Inverter air conditioner
Inverter air conditioners use microcontrol to change the operating frequency of the compressor within a certain range. By changing the frequency of the input voltage, the rotation speed of the motor is controlled, causing the exhaust volume of the compressor to change, thereby changing the circulation flow of the refrigerant. Change the cooling capacity or heat supply of the air conditioner to adjust the ambient temperature. Therefore, compared with fixed-frequency air conditioners, variable-frequency air conditioners are more efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. Because NdFeB has better magnetism than ferrite, it has better energy-saving and environmental protection effects, and is more suitable for use in inverter air conditioner compressors.
Other consumer electronic devices and smart homes.
Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Manufacturing
Artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing are attracting more and more attention. Intelligent robots have become the core technology for mankind to transform the world, and the drive motor is the core component of the robot. Inside the drive system, micro-NdFeB is everywhere. According to data, permanent magnet servo motors and NdFeB permanent magnet motors are the current mainstream robot motors. Servo motors, controllers, sensors and reducers are the core components of robot control systems and automation products. The joint activities of the robot are realized by driving motors, which require a very large power-to-mass ratio and torque-to-inertia ratio, high starting torque, low inertia, and a smooth and wide speed range. In particular, the actuator (gripper) at the end of the robot should use a small and light motor as much as possible; when fast response is required, the drive motor must also have a large short-term overload capacity; higher reliability and stability are the key to the drive motor It is a prerequisite for industrial robot applications, so rare earth permanent magnet motors are most suitable.
Medical equipment
In the medical field, the emergence of NdFeB magnets has promoted the development and miniaturization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Permanent magnet RMI-CT MRI equipment used to use ferrite permanent magnets, and the magnets weighed 50 tons. After using NdFeB permanent magnet material, each MRI machine only requires 0.5 tons-3 tons of permanent magnets, but the magnetic field intensity can be doubled, greatly improving image clarity. Moreover, NdFeB permanent magnet equipment has the advantages of occupying the smallest space, least magnetic flux leakage, and lowest operating cost.
Medical robots and rehabilitation robots can help patients receive scientific and precise treatment. High-performance, highly integrated brushless DC motors are key components of motor-driven joints in rehabilitation robots and require high-performance, high-temperature-resistant neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet materials.
Due to my country's advantages in rare earth raw material resources, China has become the world's largest supplier of NdFeB magnetic materials, accounting for about 85% of the world's output. Let’s discuss the application fields of NdFeB products.
1.Traditional cars
The application of high-performance NdFeB in traditional automobiles is mainly concentrated in the fields of EPS and micromotors. The EPS electronic power steering system can provide the power-assisted effect of the electric motor at different vehicle speeds, ensuring that the car is light and flexible when turning at low speeds and stable and reliable when turning at high speeds. EPS has high requirements on the performance, weight and volume of permanent magnet motors, because the permanent magnet materials in EPS are mainly high-performance NdFeB magnets, mainly sintered NdFeB.
In addition to the starter that starts the engine in the car, other electric motors distributed throughout the car are micro motors. NdFeB permanent magnet material has excellent performance and is used to manufacture motors with the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency and energy saving. In the past, automotive micromotors were used only as components in wipers, windshield washers, electric oil pumps, automatic antennas, and more. The number of power supplies is relatively small. Today's cars pursue comfort and automatic control, and micro motors have become an indispensable part of modern cars. Sunroof motors, seat adjustment motors, seat belt motors, electric antenna motors, fender cleaning motors, cooling fan motors, air conditioning motors, electric water pumps, etc. all require micromotors.
2. New energy vehicles
NdFeB permanent magnet material is one of the main functional materials for new energy vehicles. NdFeB material has excellent performance and is used to manufacture motors. It can realize "NdFeB technology" on automobile motors. In terms of automobiles, only by using small motors can we reduce the weight of the car, improve safety, reduce exhaust emissions, and improve the overall performance of the car. NdFeB magnetic materials are more widely used in new energy vehicles. Each hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) consumes about 1KG more NdFeB magnets than a conventional car. In pure electric vehicles (EVs), rare earth permanent magnet motors replace traditional power generation. The secret lies in the use of about 2KG of NdFeB.
3. Aerospace field
Rare earth permanent magnet motors are mainly used in various electrical systems on aircraft. The electric braking system is a drive system that uses an electric motor as a brake. Widely used in aircraft flight control systems, environmental control systems, braking systems, fuel and starting systems. Since rare earth permanent magnets have excellent magnetic properties, no additional energy is required to establish a strong permanent magnetic field after magnetization. The rare earth permanent magnet motor made by replacing the electric field of the traditional motor is not only highly efficient, but also has a simple structure, reliable operation, small size and light weight. Not only can it achieve high performance that traditional excitation motors cannot achieve (such as ultra-high efficiency, ultra-high speed, ultra-high response speed).
4.Other transportation fields (high-speed rail, subway, maglev train, tram)
In 2015, China’s “Permanent Magnet High-Speed Railway” was successfully put into trial operation. After adopting the rare earth permanent magnet synchronous traction system, due to the direct drive of the permanent magnet motor, it has high energy conversion efficiency, stable speed, low noise, small size, light weight and reliability. Many other features reduce the power of the original 8-car train from 6 to 4, thereby saving the cost of the 2-car traction system, improving the train traction efficiency, and saving at least 10% of electricity. , reducing the whole life cycle cost of the train. After the subway uses NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet traction motors, the system noise during low-speed operation is significantly lower than that of asynchronous motors.
5.Wind power generation
In an era of increasing energy stress, converting wind energy into electricity is receiving policy support from governments around the world. Wind power is a power generation method that converts wind energy into electrical energy through wind turbines. It is currently the main way to utilize wind energy. As a clean, low-carbon renewable resource, wind power is actively developing in more than 80 countries around the world. In the field of wind power, high-performance NdFeB is mainly used in direct drive, semi-drive and high-speed permanent magnet wind turbines. It uses the fan impeller to directly drive the generator to rotate. It is characterized by permanent magnet excitation, no excitation winding, and no slip rings and brushes on the rotor. Therefore, the structure is simple and the work is reliable. The use of high-performance neodymium iron boron reduces the weight of wind turbines and increases efficiency. Currently, a 1MW unit uses about 1 ton of NdFeB. With the rapid growth of the wind power industry, the amount of NdFeB used in wind turbines will also increase rapidly.
6.Consumer electronics
Mobile phone
High-performance NdFeB is an indispensable high-end accessory component in smartphones. The electroacoustic part of smartphones (miniature microphones, micro speakers, Bluetooth headsets, high-fidelity stereo headsets), vibration motors, camera focusing and even sensor applications, wireless charging and other functions all require the strong magnetic properties of NdFeB.
VCM
Voice coil motor (VCM) is a special form of direct drive motor that can directly convert electrical energy into linear motion mechanical energy. The principle is to place a circle of barrel winding in a uniform air gap magnetic field. The winding is energized to generate electromagnetic force, which drives the load to perform linear reciprocating motion. By changing the intensity and polarity of the current, the magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic force can be changed. VCM has the advantages of high response, high speed, high acceleration, simple structure, small size, good force characteristics, and good controllability. VCM is mostly used as a disk head in hard disk drives (HDD) to provide movement and is an important core component of HDD.
Inverter air conditioner
Inverter air conditioners use microcontrol to change the operating frequency of the compressor within a certain range. By changing the frequency of the input voltage, the rotation speed of the motor is controlled, causing the exhaust volume of the compressor to change, thereby changing the circulation flow of the refrigerant. Change the cooling capacity or heat supply of the air conditioner to adjust the ambient temperature. Therefore, compared with fixed-frequency air conditioners, variable-frequency air conditioners are more efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. Because NdFeB has better magnetism than ferrite, it has better energy-saving and environmental protection effects, and is more suitable for use in inverter air conditioner compressors.
Other consumer electronic devices and smart homes.
Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Manufacturing
Artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing are attracting more and more attention. Intelligent robots have become the core technology for mankind to transform the world, and the drive motor is the core component of the robot. Inside the drive system, micro-NdFeB is everywhere. According to data, permanent magnet servo motors and NdFeB permanent magnet motors are the current mainstream robot motors. Servo motors, controllers, sensors and reducers are the core components of robot control systems and automation products. The joint activities of the robot are realized by driving motors, which require a very large power-to-mass ratio and torque-to-inertia ratio, high starting torque, low inertia, and a smooth and wide speed range. In particular, the actuator (gripper) at the end of the robot should use a small and light motor as much as possible; when fast response is required, the drive motor must also have a large short-term overload capacity; higher reliability and stability are the key to the drive motor It is a prerequisite for industrial robot applications, so rare earth permanent magnet motors are most suitable.
Medical equipment
In the medical field, the emergence of NdFeB magnets has promoted the development and miniaturization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Permanent magnet RMI-CT MRI equipment used to use ferrite permanent magnets, and the magnets weighed 50 tons. After using NdFeB permanent magnet material, each MRI machine only requires 0.5 tons-3 tons of permanent magnets, but the magnetic field intensity can be doubled, greatly improving image clarity. Moreover, NdFeB permanent magnet equipment has the advantages of occupying the smallest space, least magnetic flux leakage, and lowest operating cost.
Medical robots and rehabilitation robots can help patients receive scientific and precise treatment. High-performance, highly integrated brushless DC motors are key components of motor-driven joints in rehabilitation robots and require high-performance, high-temperature-resistant neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet materials.
